Mar 21, 2022 · Printable letter stencils for craft projects. Help kids learn with upper and lowercase letter matching. Print at a smaller size and create alphabet mini books. Laminate and use as reusable write and wipe worksheets. Getting creative with these letters makes it fun for little learners and preschoolers to understand and learn the alphabet. Jan 16, 2024 · However, some acronyms are used so often, they become separate words and use lowercase letters instead. For example, the word scuba started as an acronym for self-contained underwater breathing apparatus—now it’s a common word on its own, so it’s spelled in lowercase letters. Words that are sometimes capitalized. Family titles An uppercase password is a password that consists entirely of uppercase letters, meaning it does not include any lowercase letters, numbers, or special characters. For instance, a password like “GREATDAY” would be considered an uppercase password. Just like passwords containing only lowercase letters, uppercase-only passwords are …The capital case converter will capitalize the first letter of each word. This is great for students, professionals, or bloggers who are writing titles when writing for the web. Here Is An Example Of Proper Case. Toggle Case. The toggle case converter will change your lowercase letters to uppercase, and uppercase letters to lowercase. The Old English alphabet was recorded in the year 1011 by a monk named Byrhtferð and included the 24 letters of the Latin alphabet (including ampersand) and 5 additional English letters: Long S (ſ), Eth (Ð and ð), Thorn (þ), Wynn (ƿ) and Ash (ᚫ; later Æ and æ). With respect to Modern English, Old English did not include J, U, and W. Use a mixture of capital and lowercase letters in your password. Utilise un mélange de lettres majuscules et minuscules pour ton mot de passe. lowercase, lower case n (small letters or type) minuscules nfpl (Imprimerie) bas-de …Printable Alphabet Letters. Printable Alphabet Lowercase Letters. Toddlers and preschoolers will love working on their alphabet letters with these printable alphabet …– Starts with LOWERCASE letters which are, contrary to popular belief, easier to learn and write. (Uppercase letters are taught in the next book series, coming out in early February 2016.) Includes instructions, lessons, student worksheets and a test to see if children are ready to start a handwriting program. 100% free - nothing to buy.Literacy Resources created this Letter Identification and Sounds Assessment as a tool to assess a child’s progress with letter naming and sounds throughout the school year. The same assessment can be given as a pre-assessment and then as a post-assessment, or a second assessment has been provided to be used at the end of the school year.Learn the meaning, history, and usage of the word lowercase, which can be an adjective, noun, or verb. Find examples of lowercase letters in sentences and compare with …Kids practice their handwriting by tracing lowercase letter A by following directions and develop proper letter A formation from the beginning. In the end, kids practice writing the lowercase letter A on their own, starting with a dot. This worksheet has 3/4 horizontal ruling, a red baseline, a broken blue midline, and a decender space (ZB and DN styles) …This printable poster includes step-by-step instructions on how to write the lowercase letter E using the continuous method. Use this poster as a guide when teaching the lowercase letter E. Step 1. Start halfway between the blue mid-line and red baseline. Slide right. Circle back (left) ending above the red baseline. Learn how to write lowercase letters from A to Z with Miss V in this fun and easy video lesson. Watch and practice along with your kids on YouTube. To get the letter, character, sign or symbol "a": ( Lowercase letter a , minuscule a ) on computers with GNU/Linux like Ubuntu (only with GNOME desktop): 1) Press the key combination "CTRL + SHIFT + u" on your keyboard, and not let go.This printable poster includes step-by-step instructions on how to write the lowercase letter Q using the continuous method. Use this poster as a guide when teaching the lowercase letter Q. Step 1. Start below the blue mid-line. Circle back (left) all the way around. Push up straight to the blue mid-line. Pull down straight through the red baseline … Instructions. 1. Open any of the printable files above by clicking the image or the link below the image. You will need a PDF reader to view these files. 2. Print out the file on A4 or Letter size paper or cardstock. 3. Use the printables for your own alphabet learning activities. You can also check out our alphabet-themed craft ideas in the ... for item in list: item.lower() change the name of the variable list to l or whatever you like that isn't a reserved word in Python and use the following line, obviously substituting whatever you name the list for l. l = [item.lower() for item in l] The lower method returns a copy of the string in all lowercase letters.Letter matching activities are an excellent way for preschoolers to explore the alphabet. This is a very basic and easy upper and lowercase letter matching game to reinforce matching letters of the alphabet in a fun way that preschoolers enjoy.. Use this FREE printable upper and lowercase letter matching activity to help solidify letter recognition in your …Today, lowercase letters are used most frequently, with uppercase letters reserved for special purposes, such as capitalizing proper nouns or the first letter of a sentence. The terms “uppercase" and “lowercase" come from the way in which print shops were organized hundreds of years ago. Lowercase definition: (of an alphabetic letter) of a particular form often different from and smaller than its corresponding capital letter, and occurring after the initial letter of a proper noun, of the first word in a sentence, etc. A hilarious, curriculum-aligned way to practise the alphabet and handwriting. Yes, the story is about a maggot. And yes, he has some unsavoury eating habits. But don't let that put you off because the alphabet has never been this fun.For ages 3-7. $9.99 $18.95. Use a mixture of capital and lowercase letters in your password. Utilise un mélange de lettres majuscules et minuscules pour ton mot de passe. lowercase, lower case n (small letters or type) minuscules nfpl (Imprimerie) bas-de …5,724 7 33 43. asked Oct 31, 2017 at 1:10. markpwns1. 79 1 1 5. 2. Handwritten script often looks different from typefaces, in English and in other languages. Another example is the …Lower case letters are the shorter and smaller versions of upper case letters (also called capital letters ). Some lower case letters look completely different from their upper case counterparts, however. For …Lowercase letter o pages are filled with fun activities as kids enjoy tracing letters. Alphabet Tracing Pages. Lowercase p Letter Worksheets. Students will have a blast with these amazing content-filled lowercase worksheets representing the letter p. It’s a great way for kids to master their alphabet. Learn how to write lowercase letters from A to Z with Miss V in this fun and easy video lesson. Watch and practice along with your kids on YouTube. Letter matching activities are an excellent way for preschoolers to explore the alphabet. This is a very basic and easy upper and lowercase letter matching game to reinforce matching letters of the alphabet in a fun way that preschoolers enjoy.. Use this FREE printable upper and lowercase letter matching activity to help solidify letter recognition in your …Farmer Frank is here to help your students practice the Lowercase Letter F! Kids learn how to form the letter; they practice tracing and writing. Students learn the occupation that starts with this letter. Included is the Lowercase Letter F version of the printed letter. This handwriting worksheet has a 1/2 inch horizontal ruling and is suitable for second-grade … Contains at least 1 upper case letter - a strong password should contain at least 1 upper case letter, preferably a few more. Contains at least 1 lowercase letter - at least one lowercase letter is needed in a secure password. Contains at least 1 special symbol - special characters are highly recommended in a strong and secure password. You ... – Starts with LOWERCASE letters which are, contrary to popular belief, easier to learn and write. (Uppercase letters are taught in the next book series, coming out in early February 2016.) Includes instructions, lessons, student worksheets and a test to see if children are ready to start a handwriting program. 100% free - nothing to buy.California job case: A kind of type case which accommodates both upper and lower case letters. 加州碎件字盘: 英文铅字字盘的一种它盛载着大写和小写英文字母. 爱词霸权威在线词典,为您提供upper and lower case的中文意思,upper and lower case的用法讲解,upper and lower case的读音,upper and lower case ... K G1 Special Ed Phonics assessment beginning letter sounds. Random Letter Spinner Spin the wheel. by Msjasmine. Pre-K K Letter Foundations. Lowercase Letter Sounds drill Speaking cards. by Afoley1. Lowercase Letter Cards Speaking cards. by Kkarras. 3-letter words with short /e/ Hangman. I is for ice cream! Lowercase letter i tracing page. Tracing lowercase letters. In these tracing worksheets, I decided to try something different. Instead of using dotted …Oct 31, 2017 · The two ways to write lower-case a are called double-storey A (a) and single-storey A (ɑ). Single-storey is used for italics in most fonts. But why are there two different As? Back in ye olde days there were many ways to write a lower-case A. (The same went for other letters, for example þ was later written "y", hence "ye olde days".)Oct 13, 2023 · That’s why we’ve created this Lowercase Alphabet Printable, designed to make learning lowercase letters a breeze. These free printable alphabet worksheets consist of two cut-and-paste pages and one color-the-match page. This hands-on activity encourages children to match lowercase letters to their matching counterparts, making the learning ... Mar 21, 2022 · Printable letter stencils for craft projects. Help kids learn with upper and lowercase letter matching. Print at a smaller size and create alphabet mini books. Laminate and use as reusable write and wipe worksheets. Getting creative with these letters makes it fun for little learners and preschoolers to understand and learn the alphabet. lower case: [noun] a type case containing lowercase letters and usually figures, punctuation marks, spaces, and quads (see 2quad) — compare upper case. Kindergarten letter recognition games make mastering uppercase and lowercase letters fun and engaging, so I highly recommend adding them to the mix if you haven’t already. And if you’re looking for even more kindergarten games to add to your classroom, make sure to check out these posts: Instructions. 1. Open any of the printable files above by clicking the image or the link below the image. You will need a PDF reader to view these files. 2. Print out the file on A4 or Letter size paper or cardstock. 3. Use the printables for your own alphabet learning activities. You can also check out our alphabet-themed craft ideas in the ... In this free educational game, students click and drag lowercase letters to match them to their uppercase letters. Each time students click on a letter, they will hear it pronounced. …This worksheet is the perfect resource for classroom activities or homework assignments. Students can trace the lowercase letters on the first line and then practice writing independently on the second line. It's also that simple to get access to this resource; simply log on with your Twinkl membership, click the "Download Now" button, print ...The UPPER CASE text tool takes every lowercase letter inputted into the text area and converts all to uppercase letters. Upper case letters or “ALL CAPS” find use in words or phrases a writer wants to emphasize, in titles on book covers, in advertisements, to highlight a message, in newspaper headlines, and on building plaques. ... * Second lower case sigma letter is used in word final position. ** Letter name pronounce might not be accurate - browser/os dependent. Greek alphabet origins. The converter helps you in quickly change your text, making it either uppercase or lowercase. The capitalization generator helps to capitalize the first letter in the sentence by using the “Capitalized Case”. It provides an option to easily set the title of your essay with the “Title Case”. It automatically counts the written characters ...Cursive Letters Learning all of the letters of the alphabet in cursive. Cursive Lowercase Letters; Cursive Capital Letters; Cursive Lowercase Letters; Cursive Capital LettersDraw ABC: Lowercase Letters. Practice tracing each lowercase letter of the alphabet from A to Z. Hear the letter sound and learn a word that starts with each letter. Play Draw ABC: Lowercase Letters game online on your mobile phone, tablet or computer. Use the mouse or your finger to trace each letter. This free online game was built with HTML5. Writing Lowercase Letters A to Z. Children will practice identifying, tracing, and writing lowercase letters a through z in this colorful set of alphabet printables. Download all (26) Click on a worksheet in the set below to see more info or download the PDF. Oct 31, 2017 · The two ways to write lower-case a are called double-storey A (a) and single-storey A (ɑ). Single-storey is used for italics in most fonts. But why are there two different As? Back in ye olde days there were many ways to write a lower-case A. (The same went for other letters, for example þ was later written "y", hence "ye olde days".) Use this converter to convert all characters of text in any language to lowercase. All uppercase letters as a result of the transformation will become lowercase, that is, small. Special characters, spaces, punctuation marks, and numbers will remain unchanged when converted from uppercase to lowercase. If there are lowercase letters in the text ...Each letter-tracing worksheet shows the uppercase and lowercase letter with arrows showing how they should be formed (you’ll see little numbers as well; numbers after one indicate that you should pick up your pencil). There are two lines of practice each for uppercase and lowercase. The Leader in Educational Games for Kids! In this free educational game, students click and drag lowercase letters to match them to their uppercase letters. Each time students click on a letter, they will hear it pronounced. Matching all letters of the alphabet will restore all the color to the picture. Dec 10, 2023 · Hold down Shift and press F3. When you hold Shift and press F3, the text toggles from sentence case (first letter uppercase and the rest lowercase), to all uppercase (all capital letters), and then all lowercase. Note. If you are using a laptop or an Apple Mac, the function keys may not be enabled without using the Fn key. lowercase: 1 adj relating to small (not capitalized) letters that were kept in the lower half of a compositor's type case “ lowercase letters” Synonyms: little , miniscule , minuscule , small lowercase miniscule , minuscular , minuscule of or relating to a small cursive script developed from uncial; 7th to 9th centuries Antonyms: uppercase ... They are so easy to set up with an immediate download. Just print and you are ready to assemble your preschool learning centers. There are so many ideas on how to use these lowercase alphabet letters. Teachers can add them to their bulletin boards, use them as coloring pages, decorate them with stickers, tracing exercises, crafts and so much more.Printable Alphabet Letters. Printable Alphabet Lowercase Letters. Toddlers and preschoolers will love working on their alphabet letters with these printable alphabet …The letter of the alphabet that follows A is of course B! This cursive alphabet tracing worksheet features a bit of a more difficult letter. In fact, your student may not even recognize the lowercase letter b. This is a good time to point out to your child that learning cursive letter recognition will be essential when reading cursive notes ...With our free letter R worksheets, your pre-k students will build important skills like letter R recognition, letter R stroke order and letter formation, uppercase and lowercase letter identification, beginning letter sounds, and more. These free letter R printables are helpful teaching tools for older kiddos who are in need of remedial work ...This lowercase letter T printable template is a comprehensive resource that helps children identify the letter T and its sound. Kids pick items with the corresponding sound to represent the letter T and fill the letter with …Each character is assigned a specific decimal number, ranging from 0 to 127. For example, the uppercase letter ‘A’ has an ASCII value of 65, while the lowercase letter ‘a’ has an ASCII value of 97. The disparity in these values is not arbitrary; it follows a pattern that allows the computer to differentiate between uppercase and ...Use this converter to convert all characters of text in any language to lowercase. All uppercase letters as a result of the transformation will become lowercase, that is, small. Special characters, spaces, punctuation marks, and numbers will remain unchanged when converted from uppercase to lowercase. If there are lowercase letters in the text ...Feb 5, 2022 · Lower Case Letters Printables – FREE. Lower case letters printables are an excellent way to help children practice writing lowercase letters and recognizing lowercase letter forms. The lower case letters of the alphabet printables come in many different styles and you can download these free printable alphabet worksheets at the bottom of the ... Lowercase Letters. Start Lesson Assign this Lesson. Kindergarteners will learn all about uppercase and lowercase alphabet pairs in this lesson, focusing especially on learning …Feb 5, 2022 · Lower Case Letters Printables – FREE. Lower case letters printables are an excellent way to help children practice writing lowercase letters and recognizing lowercase letter forms. The lower case letters of the alphabet printables come in many different styles and you can download these free printable alphabet worksheets at the bottom of the ... Lowercase Cursive Letters. In this free pack of cursive printables, both lowercase and uppercase letters are included. Children will learn how to easily write in cursive with the repetitive nature of each worksheet. The cursive font style has a bold representation letter, a light blue letter, and a lighter grey letter. Convert Case is a web tool that lets you change the case of any text from lower case to upper case and vice versa. You can also use it to convert text to sentence case, title case, alternating case, and more. Digital communication often sees a more relaxed approach to letter cases, with the rise of all-lowercase or all-uppercase writing for stylistic or emphatic purposes. Table of Contents. Rebecca Hey. Founder of Strategically.co, we’ve created over 10 million words of impactful content, driving organic traffic growth for more than 300 businessesDefinition of Lowercase Letters. Lowercase letters are smaller and sometimes take a slightly different form than their uppercase counterparts. Notice the L …Apr 5, 2024 · These Lowercase Letter Crafts would also be an easy way to get young kids to help you build some cute alphabet craft bulletin boards this school year. Plus, they’re the perfect addition to your ABC lesson plans too. Easy Letter Crafts for Capital Letters. These simple alphabet crafts come with specific directions and easy-to-use templates for …This printable poster includes step-by-step instructions on how to write the lowercase letter Y using the continuous method. Use this poster as a guide when teaching the lowercase letter Y. Step 1. Start at the blue mid-line. Slant right to the red baseline. Lift. Step 2. Move to the right and start at the blue mid-line. Slant left through the red baseline to the next blue …Alphabet Worksheets. Lowercase Letters Worksheets. Practice tracing all the lowercase letters of the alphabet in one worksheet. We have a bunch of different themes to choose …Lowercase letters are small letters, such as abc, and uppercase letters are large letters, such as ABC. Learn how to write and use them in different font styles and alphabetical …Convert Case is a web tool that lets you transform text between upper case, lower case, sentence case, capitalized case, title case and more. You can also generate small text, … Morphabet band by Jack-1702. shidinn latin by MateoGG821. Alex's Lowercase JumpStart Letters Band (OFFICIAL) (Band Version) remix by egwemma. Alex's Lowercase JumpStart Letters Band but... by ebn011. alexs lowercase jumpstart letters band (official) (band version) (font arial) by felip3_ge. Perfection by WilliamTheW. Learn the meaning, history, and usage of the word lowercase, which can be an adjective, noun, or verb. Find examples of lowercase letters in sentences and compare with …Our letter tracing a to z worksheets were created to help young learners practice their pencil grip and letter writing. This bundle of free printable alphabet letter tracing worksheets contain one unique letter tracing activity for each letter of the alphabet in both uppercase and lowercase. Children are asked to first trace each letter and ...Farmer Frank is here to help your students practice the Lowercase Letter F! Kids learn how to form the letter; they practice tracing and writing. Students learn the occupation that starts with this letter. Included is the Lowercase Letter F version of the printed letter. This handwriting worksheet has a 1/2 inch horizontal ruling and is suitable for second-grade …Dec 17, 2022 · Tip: Teach capital letters and lowercase letters separately, to make it easy for children to remember. Here are some different ways to introduce the lowercase letters of the alphabet to young children: Print or make flashcards and point out the letter. Read a book to your child and have them find the letter. Nov 8, 2018 · Watch and listen to this video to learn the lowercase letter sounds. We are beginning with the lowercase letters because a child will encounter the lowercase... Learn how to write lowercase letters from A to Z with Miss V in this fun and easy video lesson. Watch and practice along with your kids on YouTube. Downloading our letter H printables gives you access to all four pages in a single, convenient PDF file. To conserve both paper and ink, simply go to your printer settings and put the desired page number (s) before printing. To print out the templates, make sure to click the link above. Printing straight from the photos will not be good quality.Video showing how to write the Lowercase letter "u" in cursive. The best way to utilize the cursive “u” video is to actually watch it several times before you try to write it on your own. Once you reach the point where you feel comfortable with the stroke and the mistakes to avoid, you’re ready to begin writing it yourself, but that doesn ...Definition of Lowercase Letters. Lowercase letters are smaller and sometimes take a slightly different form than their uppercase counterparts. Notice the L …Jan 9, 2023 · Converts this character to lower case using Unicode mapping rules of the specified locale. This function supports one-to-many character mapping, thus the length of the returned string can be greater than one. For example, '\u0130'.lowercase(Locale.US) returns "\u0069\u0307" , where '\u0130' is the LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT …Video showing how to write the Lowercase letter "j" in cursive. Now that you’re familiar with the cursive “j” stroke and the common mistakes made when first learning to write this letter, you’re in good shape to begin writing yourself. To reiterate what you’ve learned from the video, a good way to begin with your actually cursive ...You press a capitalized ‘D,’ but a lowercase ‘d’ appears,” says Donny Reynolds, a senior product manager on the Chromebook team. “So we decided Chromebooks would be different: If you press a key, then that’s what you’ll get.”. Android kicked off the lowercase keyboard revolution back when the original G1 launched in 2008.
Apr 17, 2024 · Lowercase letters aren't capitalized — they're the smaller versions of each letter. For example, this is a lowercase "a" while this its big brother: the capital "A." Sometimes people get sloppy and write in all lowercase letters on email.. Rista
With our free letter A worksheets, your pre-k students will build important skills like letter A recognition, letter A stroke order and letter formation, uppercase and lowercase letter identification, beginning letter sounds, and more. These free letter A printables are helpful teaching tools for older kiddos who are in need of remedial work ...Work through the lowercase letter chain worksheet to explore the realm of lowercase letters and bolster writing prowess. K. VIEW DETAILS. Letter Tracing B. Complete the Uppercase Alphabet Chain Worksheet Take a structured approach to uppercase letter recognition on our worksheet, enhancing sequencing skills. K.Kids practice their handwriting by tracing lowercase letter A by following directions and develop proper letter A formation from the beginning. In the end, kids practice writing the lowercase letter A on their own, starting with a dot. This worksheet has 3/4 horizontal ruling, a red baseline, a broken blue midline, and a decender space (ZB and DN styles) …Definition of Lowercase Letters. Lowercase letters are smaller and sometimes take a slightly different form than their uppercase counterparts. Notice the L …This printable poster includes step-by-step instructions on how to write the lowercase letter Y using the continuous method. Use this poster as a guide when teaching the lowercase letter Y. Step 1. Start at the blue mid-line. Slant right to the red baseline. Lift. Step 2. Move to the right and start at the blue mid-line. Slant left through the red baseline to the next blue …With our free letter A worksheets, your pre-k students will build important skills like letter A recognition, letter A stroke order and letter formation, uppercase and lowercase letter identification, beginning letter sounds, and more. These free letter A printables are helpful teaching tools for older kiddos who are in need of remedial work ...Free printable lowercase alphabet tracing worksheets a to z activity with image is wonderful way to teach kids about lowercase English letters. kids finishing this worksheet practice writing the letter a to z. While tracing these capital letters, it will sharpen their writing skills. this free printable preschool worksheets tracing letters will ...Lower case letters are the shorter and smaller versions of upper case letters (also called capital letters ). Some lower case letters look completely different from their upper case counterparts, however. For …31. Yes, any string in JavaScript has a toLowerCase() method that will return a new string that is the old string in all lowercase. The old string will remain unchanged. So, you can do something like: "Foo".toLowerCase(); document.getElementById('myField').value.toLowerCase(); edited Dec 8, 2022 at 21:58.This worksheet is appropriate for children in preschool, Kindergarten, and 1st Grade who are learning or have learned to recognize both capital and lowercase letters. For long-term use, laminate the worksheet and letters. You can then use velcro dots placed above each lowercase letter and on the back of each uppercase letter. Learn how to write lowercase letters from A to Z with Miss V in this fun and easy video lesson. Watch and practice along with your kids on YouTube. Cute Cartoon Animals Shaped Like Lowercase Letters. Join us on this exciting journey through the animal kingdom, where education meets cuteness! Whether you’re a parent, teacher, or caregiver, our page provides a valuable tool for introducing lowercase letters to young learners. The captivating illustrations and funny sounds ensure an ...2.4K. 703K views 5 years ago Preschool Essentials. Watch and listen to this video to learn the lowercase letter sounds. We are beginning with the lowercase letters …Video showing how to write the Lowercase letter "u" in cursive. The best way to utilize the cursive “u” video is to actually watch it several times before you try to write it on your own. Once you reach the point where you feel comfortable with the stroke and the mistakes to avoid, you’re ready to begin writing it yourself, but that doesn ...10,000+ results for 'matching uppercase and lowercase'. Matching uppercase and lowercase letters Balloon pop. by Kaandes. Uppercase And Lowercase Letter Sort Group sort. by Mrosenblatt. K. Matching uppercase and lowercase Matching pairs. by Mmacheca. Matching lowercase and uppercase letters Find the match.Learn Lowercase Letters. Prepare for takeoff! In this high-flying game kids get to take Tutu on a flight into the sky to find lowercase letters in the clouds. Kids control Tutu's movement with the mouse or trackpad and click on the cloud with the letter that matches the narrator's clue. Early readers can never get enough practice seeing and ...An uppercase password is a password that consists entirely of uppercase letters, meaning it does not include any lowercase letters, numbers, or special characters. For instance, a password like “GREATDAY” would be considered an uppercase password. Just like passwords containing only lowercase letters, uppercase-only passwords are …None of these will do what you want. You can make use of the selector :first-letter, which will apply any style to the first letter of an element - but not of the subsequent ones. p { text-transform: lowercase; } p:first-letter { text-transform: capitalize; } <p>SAMPLE TEXT. SOME SENTENCE.An uppercase password is a password that consists entirely of uppercase letters, meaning it does not include any lowercase letters, numbers, or special characters. For instance, a password like “GREATDAY” would be considered an uppercase password. Just like passwords containing only lowercase letters, uppercase-only passwords are …605. Use a character set: [a-zA-Z] matches one letter from A–Z in lowercase and uppercase. [a-zA-Z]+ matches one or more letters and ^[a-zA-Z]+$ matches only strings that consist of one or more letters only ( ^ and $ mark the begin and end of a string respectively). If you want to match other letters than A–Z, you can either add them to the ...Lowercase/uppercase operations only apply to characters, and std::string is essentially an array of bytes, not characters. Plain tolower is nice for ASCII string, but it will not lowercase a latin-1 or utf-8 string correctly. You must know string's encoding and probably decode it before you can lowercase its characters. –.